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What is Silicone?

Silicone is a functional polymer synthesized with silicon, oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen as the main elements. It is a composition that can be customized formula, generally refers to as polysiloxane or polymeric siloxane, usually produced in the form of oil, resin, or rubber. It has high resistance to harsh environments, ranging from UV aging resistance to ozone corrosion resistance, heat resistance, inertness, water resistance, ultra-low temperature. These special properties make it suitable for specific applications, from lubrication to electrical insulation, sealing, bonding, coating, medical biology, master pattern.

 Chemical structure

Silicone is composed of four basic units (M, D, T, Q). Common polysiloxane is composed of siloxane which constitutes the main chain, and the side chain is accompanied by an organic group, and the main members are Methyl (CH 3 ), vinyl (CH 2 ), or reactive functional groups.

Usage form

The content of different structural units, types of organic groups, and the number of reactive functional groups, synthesize all kinds of silicones from solid to high viscosity oily, then to a liquid.
  • OilSilicone oil is a liquid silicone polymer with different degrees of polymerization and molecular chain structures. Its most outstanding characteristic is that it still maintains excellent thermal stability even in ultra-high temperature situations. The most representative silicone oil is polydimethylsiloxane, whose main molecular chain is a coiled-coil structure, and the methyl group rotates freely around the Si-O bond, which increases the distance between adjacent molecules, makes the intermolecular force smaller, which endows it with excellent low surface tension, air permeability, softness, cold resistance and the characteristic of the viscosity changing little. Polysiloxane compounds can introduce carbon functional groups or organic substituents with specific structures to obtain new physical and chemical properties, which create solutions to various existing and new applications in electrical and electronic, machinery, construction, transportation, agriculture, chemical, medical, health, cosmetic. Common organic substituents include ammonia hydrocarbyl, epoxide hydrocarbyl, hydroxyalkyl group, chlorine hydrocarbyl, carboxyl hydrocarbyl, fluorine hydrocarbyl, long-chain alkyl, and cyanogen hydrocarbyl.
     
  • ResinSilicone resin is a low molecular resin synthesized from a three-dimensional siloxane network structure. It is very stable due to the very high Si-O-Si bond energy, which can be used in a wide temperature range, regardless of physical-mechanical properties or chemical properties with little change with temperature. At the same time, silicone resin contains a Si-C bond, which has the characteristics of thermoplasticity, solubility and insulation of inorganic substances. It is usually used in the preparation of silicone coatings, silicone insulating varnishes, silicone adhesives, silicone plastics, etc.
     
  • EmulsionSilicone emulsion is a silicone that disperses silicone oil evenly in a water system under the action of a surfactant (Compound emulsifier). Because silicone oil does not react with water, it is difficult to disperse in the water system, so its use in some aspects is limited. The silicone emulsion solves this problem and can prepare organic emulsions with different solid contents according to production needs. The properties of silicone emulsions with different solid contents are still maintained when they are diluted to lower concentrations. This is not only convenient for use but also saves packaging space and reduces transportation costs.

     

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  • Release agentA release agent is a coating that uses a silicone stock solution or is diluted with various diluents. It has low surface tension, low surface energy, and super spreadability, and can form a film on an extremely irregular and complex interface, providing a uniform and regenerative release film between the surface of the substrate and the molded product. It effectively avoids the bonding between the processed product and the substrate, so that the demoulding of the product becomes simple and efficient. Silicone release agent is suitable for various material substrate molding processes, such as molding, extrusion, injection molding, lamination, calendering, etc.

     

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  • LSRSLiquid silicone rubbers(LSRs ) are a two-component reactive formulation, which is cured at high temperatures after quantitative pumping and mixing by means of an injection molding system. The formulation means that each component contains a catalyst or cross-linking agent that reacts when the two fluids meet to provide predictable mechanical and chemical properties. They rely on fully automated processing and forming, which is the key to high-quality part output and sharply cost reduction achieved. Especially in the medical, automotive fine parts manufacturing is the primary choice.
     
  • HCRHigh Consistency Rubber (HCR) is a silicone polymer composed of high molecular weight linear polyorganosiloxane. HCR can be adapted to different end-user purposes, using different curing systems to cross-link into three-dimensional network macromolecules, and the commonly used curing systems are organic peroxide cross-linking agents and platinum catalysts.
     
  • RTV-1RTV-1 silicone is a site molding one-component room temperature cured liquid silicone rubber, which is cured in contact with water molecules of air in non-sealed places. RTV is the abbreviation of Room Temperature Vulcanization, which means vulcanization at room temperature. This type of silicone rubber can be used without special processing equipment or heating. It is cheap and easy to obtain, with good adhesion to materials, fast molding speed, and strong adaptability, which is an ideal material for sealants, adhesives, and protective coating applications.

     

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  • RTV-2RTV-2 silicones are a two-component room-temperature vulcanizing silicone formulation. This type of mixture can be pre-mixed with a certain proportion of crosslinking agent or catalyst according to the end user's use and stored and used by the user in a bicomponent pack. The two parts are crosslinked after being mixed in situ by pouring, coating, or extrusion operations at room temperature. The crosslinking reaction can be polycondensation or addition. It can be customized formula (ingredients or process) to obtain different consistency and chemical, and mechanical properties to meet the application of different occasions.

     

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We provide high-performance solutions, assist customers to develop custom formulations and offer technical services.

Silicone Physical/Chemical Properties

Silicone is a simultaneously hybrid material with both inorganic and organic properties.
Its exceptional inorganic polymer properties begin with its unique chemical structure of siloxane bonds (Si-O-Si). Compared with the binding between carbons, the binding energy of siloxane is about 25% higher, it is difficult to decompose in high temperatures and light, so has low pyrolysis sensitivity. Siloxane bonds compare with the carbon-carbon bonds that make up the basic skeleton of organic polymers, have longer bonds, larger bond angles, and a rotation energy barrier lower. Therefore, the silicone siloxane bond is more supple, stretchable helical polymeric interchain force is lower and endowed with high bending flexibility, strong gas permeability, cold resistance, and physical constants that are less affected by temperature.
Par excellence silicone characteristics of silicone polymers are reflected in the carbon-hydrogen or substituted hydrocarbon organic group directly on the silicon atoms in the side chains, such as methyl. The methyl group with good water repellency covers the entire silicone's surface, making it have interface properties as follows:
 
○Defoaming
○Smoothness
○Spreadability
○Non-adhesive
○Low surface energy
○High abrasion resistance
○Highly hydrophobic (lipophilicity)
 
Silicone carbon-hydrogen chains and inorganic silicon-oxygen chains make up silicone polymers, providing it with distinctive chemical/physical properties as follows:
 
Steadiness
○Chemical resistance, a certain resistance to various solvents and oils.
○Radiation resistance superior can be uncovered to outdoor UV light or a high ozone concentration environment for a long time, and the electrical and physical properties hardly change.
○Heat resistance and cold resistance are superior, and the widest working temperature range is -100 ~ 350C °, even under extremely harsh plight, it can play for a long time and maintain performance.
 
Clean
○Biologically inert, will not promote the growth of bacteria and mold.
○Good biocompatibility, meeting food, water, and animal contact.
○Strong self-cleaning, no rust, no denaturation after disinfection.
○Self-extinguishment, residual insulation after catching fire - low toxic fumes, carbon dioxide, and water release throughout.
 
Utility
○Reliable sealing performance, low carbon, waterproof and dustproof.
○High reliability, its formula meets the requirements of maternal and child care and food specification applications.
○Durable, it can work reliably in the natural environment for a long time, allowing users to develop products with strong wear and tear and sustainable use.
 
Widely
○Easy to control and the adaptability of the material is very strong.
○Formulation design flexibility, innovative customization can be achieved.
○Optional adhering, excellent prime-free adhesion to coated fabrics, glass, can also be modified to improve adhesion to inorganic materials.

Benifits & applications of silicone 

Silicone is an indispensable ingredient in daily life, and its inherent advantages create infinite possibilities for applications from textiles to aerospace, thereby providing manufacturers with more choices and continuously improving human life.
 
Human medicine
○Silicone polymer not only inherits all the properties of organic polymer but also has from anticoagulant to non-carcinogenic, tissue compatibility. After it is introduced into human tissue, there will be no foreign body reaction, on the contrary, a layer of tissue film that does not adhere to silicone rubber will be formed on the surface. Related applications such as tubing systems for anesthesia, various types of hoses, short-term implants, dental molding materials, and respiratory guards.
○The polymer is non-stick, non-toxic, washable, provides a sterile environment to heal skin wounds, and is an ideal material for protective skin coatings.
 
Aviation
○Compared with ordinary organic rubber, silicone rubber has the ability to resist ozone, cosmic ray damage, and withstands the supercooling of space and the scorching heat and stress of re-entry, so aircraft parts always maintain good stability, thereby reducing accidental risks and maintenance costs. It is used to make components such as engine seals, sealed switches, waterproof covers, and cable insulation.
○It also has peachy flexibility, impact strength, and abrasion resistance, and is suitable for aircraft oxygen masks to ensure that pilots do not feel uncomfortable for long-term use.
 
Photovoltaic
○Silicone polymers are highly transparent and resistant to space environmental factors (temperature alternation, charged particles), thereby improving the reliability of solar cells and wind power generation. As an adhesive, it is used to bond between the upper protective glass and the lower material of the solar panel.
 
Electric
Single or double systems' room-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber has light resistance, alleviation stress, and moisture resistance. It does not affect the potting, welding, fixing, and packaging of semiconductors and LED components, but also improves the reliability of power controllers used in automobiles, home appliances, railways, etc.
 
Automotive industry
○The use of silicone rubber in key parts of automobiles is increasing. Self-lubricating silicone rubber has self-lubricating and drainage properties, which are used for the sealing of automotive electronic connectors for easy assembly, high safety, and stability.
○It is widely applied in retractable bellows with high mechanical and tear strength to cover and protect activities parts.
○Liquid silicone rubber(LSR) is used in the manufacture of automotive gaskets and other seals, from headlights to oil pan gaskets, ignition cables, sunroof gaskets, safety airbags, wiper film, providing them a long-term sealing protection that won't burst even under extreme temperatures and pressures.
 
Personal care
○Due to low-viscosity polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) is volatile, it can not only improve the extensibility and luster of cosmetics but also make human skin feel refreshed after it volatilizes.
 

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